“Beauty Purse®” takes top EAFA prize

European Aluminium Foil Association (EAFA), Düsseldorf, Germany, showcases winners in its annual Alufoil Trophy competition at Interpack, 24-30 April 2008 in Düsseldorf, Germany.

A reclosable Beauty Purse® from Alcan Packaging Pharma Europe, Selestat, France, for Quies Flash Frais soothing eye masks from Quies Sarl, Palaiseau, France, claiming to be first portable stand-up pack for health/personal-care,. Patented system opens/recloses repeatedly. Front/back panels consist of 30µ biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP)/12µ foil/75µ lowdensity polyethylene (LDPE) with gussets of 12µ polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/12µ foil/75µ LDPE. Large surface, reverse-printed rotogravure in four colors, improves brand visibility. “Winning reinforces our conviction that Beauty Purse brings real innovation and added value to the market for cosmetics impregnated wipes, masks and pads,” says Laurence Kerleroux, product manager Cosmetics - Flexible Packaging, Alcan. Follow-up: See "EAFA awards trophies for aluminum foil packs" for supplier contacts.

Self-destructing bread wrappers debut at South Africa bakery

Degradable polyethylene bags leave less refuse in South African landfills.

Albany Bakeries, subsidiary of Tiger Brands, Johannesburg, South Africa, converts to bread bags containing d2w oxo-bio additive from Symphony Environmental Technologies (SET) Plc, London, UK. Additive breaks carbon-carbon bonds in polymers, lowers molecular weight, and weakens film. Stabilizers prevent premature degradation. “Tiger Brands has become South Africa’s first national food company to tackle the litter and plastic-waste pollution unavoidably resulting from bakery operations,” says Meghan Draddy, Tiger’s packaging development manager for grains/cereals; milling/baking. “Up to 3,000 [metric tons] of potential litter and waste per year will now degrade and then biodegrade, within a short time scale,” she adds. “In addition to bread bags,” says Michael Laurier, ceo of SET, “our oxo-biodegradable technology can make degradable plastic bags, heavy shrink-wrap packaging and plastic bottles self-destruct completely within a period of between six months and two years (depending on environmental conditions) instead of polluting the land and the sea for decades.” Follow-up: Michael Laurier + 44 20-8207-5900; info@degradable.net; Link: www.degradable.net.

EAFA awards trophies for aluminum foil packs

European Aluminium Foil Association (EAFA) packaging competition cites inventive aluminum foil packaging.

Eye-catching shape of tray with easy-open lid wins Alufoil Trophy for Sheba Essence from Mars Petcare Europe. Designed by Alcan Packaging Zutphen BV, Zutphen, The Netherlands, 130µ PP-laminated aluminum tray features 360-degree rotogravure printing in seven colors. “The shape and the technical achievement in creating the all over print for this highvalue- added cat food mean this pack really stands out from the crowd,” says Arne Russ, purchasing director at August Storck, lead judge of competition..

PeeliCan®, a joint development of Alupak AG (pack concept), Belp, Switzerland; Alcan Packaging (packaging material), Rorschach, Switzerland; Singen, Germany; Hermann Waldner GmbH & Co. KG (fill-seal machine), Allgäu, Germany, combines light weight, stackability, easy opening with simplified filling process using patented ultrasonic sealing technology, ensuring seal integrity even when rim of container is contaminated by product. Currently used for Filets de Macquereaux fish fillets made for French retailer cooperative, Système U, Rungis, France, multicolor, rotogravureprinted container.

Laminated foil pouch from Protective Packaging Ltd., Sale, UK, holds sterile Zyceine Wipes from AGMA Healthcare, Haltwhistle, UK. Dual-compartment design keeps incompatible ingredients of sporicidal disinfectant separate until mixed. “Hygiene is of critical importance in hospitals where ‘super bugs’ are a cause for concern,” says Russ, adding, “The pack helps meet regulations.” AGMA multipart chemical system allows potent sporicide to be prepared in small, useful quantities. Compartments maintain integrity of two essential reagents during packing, gamma-ray sterilization, delivery, storage. At point of use, user ruptures frangible seal in 12µ PET/8µ foil/60µ PE pack so reagents mix, saturate wipes. Follow-up: At Alcan Flexible, Valérie Noël, sales & marketing coordination, +33 3 88 58 35 73, valerie.noel@alcan.com; Link: www.alcan.com; at Alcan Zutphen, Robert Hukshorn, sales & marketing manager, +31 575 599582, robert.hukshorn@alcan.com; Link: www.alcanpackaging-zutphen.com; at Alupak, Patricia Bumann-Kolb, +41 (31) 818 31 55, patricia.bumann@alupak.com; Link: www.alupak.com; at Alcan-Rorschach, U. Sommerhalder, sales & marketing manager, +41 71 844 33 33, urs.sommerhalder@alcan.com; Link: www.alcan.com; at Alcan-Singen, T. Spaeth, business area director - Food Packaging, +49 7731 802419, thomas.spaeth@alcan.com; at Waldner, Dosomat Marketing, +49 7522 986-0, metall_dosomat@waldner.de; Link: www.waldner.de; at Protective Packaging, +44 161 976 2006, info@protpack.com; Link: www.protpack.co.uk.

Partnership delivers sanitation plan with CIP machine

To simplify food plant safety, Multivac, Kansas City, MO, delivers its clean-inplace (CIP) horizontal form-fill-seal machines with customized sanitation plan. Partnership with JohnsonDiversey, Sturtevant, WI makes new customer benefit possible. “Our new generation of thermoform packaging machinery offers the…option of CIP,” says Bob Koch, director of sales for Multivac’s food division. “To obtain the full benefit of that hardware, food processors will require a mix of cleaning and rinsing solutions suited to their plant environments and machine usage. JohnsonDiversey has the expertise to work one-on-one with our customers to develop and deliver custom-tailored solutions to meet their needs.” Buyers of Multivac CIP packaging systems receive free customized introductory chemical solutions kit. Follow-up: Marketing Department, +1 800-800- 8552, muinc@multivac.com; Link: www.multivac.com.

Students integrate robotic cell for packaging

Robotic work cell, developed as senior project by students at Lake Superior State University (LSSU), Sault Sainte Marie, MI, identifies, packages products.

Camera scans each product as it passes, program notifies robot to pick specific item, position it for packaging. Applied Manufacturing Technologies (AMT), Orion, MI, a robotic systems integrator, arranges for use of RX60 robot, robot controller from Stäubli Corp., Duncan, SC; DVT Legend 520 SmartImage camera from Cognex Corp., Natick, MA; human/machine interface from Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc., Alpharetta, GA. Bosch Rexroth Corp.’s Bosch Automation Products, Buchanan, MI, provides cell’s aluminum extrusion framework, VarioFlow conveyor system, IndraMotion MLC motion logic controller, IndraDrive Servos, IndraDyn Motors. “By providing the LSSU team with Rexroth technology, we knew they’d get a chance to work under real-world conditions with world-class automation components,” reports Kevin Gingerich, director of Marketing Services at Bosch Automation. Completed cell serves as training tool for students, AMT personnel. “We’ve worked closely with LSSU for years, and we’re excited to support another strong class of graduating seniors,” says Joe Campbell, coo at AMT. “LSSU has developed a world class automation program, and we’re proud to be a small part of their success.” Follow-up: At AMT, Marketing Department, +1 248-409-2000, marketing@appliedmfg.com; Link: www.appliedmfg.com; at Stäubli, David Arceneaux, business development & marketing, +1 864-486-5416, d.arceneaux@staubli.com; Link: www.staublirobotics.com; at Cognex, Marketing Department, +1 877-COGNEX1 +1 877-264-6391; Link: www.cognex.com; at Siemens, Marketing Department, +1 800- 964-4114; Link: www.sea.siemens.com; at Bosch Rexroth; Kevin Gingerich, +1 616-695-0151; Link: www.boschrexroth-us.com.

Makers of DVD packaging certify safety of material

Favorable test results qualify DVD packaging from AGI Polymatrix, part of MWV (formerly MeadWestvaco), Richmond, VA, for certification.

Certificate of compliance from Content Delivery and Storage Association (CDSA), Princeton, NJ, confirms packaging from plants in Elizabethtown, KY; Pittsfield, MA, meet Plastic DVD Standard Packaging Program, are free of hazardous materials. “DVD cases are the first point of contact for the consumer and should be absolutely safe,” says John Perkins, vp, Global Marketing Operations, MWV Packaging. “We elected to engage in this new safety standard to ensure the integrity of the resin used in manufacturing our polypropylene boxes.”

CDSA initiates certification program after analyses of packages purchased at retail show some contain potentially harmful elements like antimony, cadmium, chromium, lead. Other CDSA-certified packaging suppliers include Carthuplas, Gaffney, SC; Nexpak, Duluth, GA; VIVA Magnetics, Scarborough, ON, Canada. Follow-up: At CDSA, Plastic DVD Packaging Certification Program, +1 609-279-1700, standards@contentdeliveryandstorage.org; Link: www.contentdeliveryandstorage.org; at AGI Polymatrix, Joe Ciccone, media products, +1 252-249-0281, jciccone@polymatrix.com; Link: www.agipolymatrix.com.

Retailer continues to expand RFID infrastructure

Metro Group, Düsseldorf, Germany, equips 200 Real stores with radio frequency identification (RFID) technology as it moves into next phase in what is largest standards-based ultra-high frequency (UHF) RFID deployment in Europe.

“We believe in providing exceptional customer service, and that starts with having the right items in the right places at the right times,” says Dr. Gerd Wolfram, managing director of MGI Metro Group Information Technology. “RFID is a powerful tool for improved inventory management which will have a positive impact on customer experiences at our Real stores,” he adds.

Loading door portals from Checkpoint equipped with INfinity 510 UHF RFID readers from Sirit Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada, track incoming pallets, cases. Tag Acquisition Processor (TAP) 331 RFID network infrastructure from Reva Systems, Chelmsford, MA, manages devices, processes data, provides rapid operator feedback at each location, communicates with Reva Management System (RMS) at enterprise level.

Enhanced RMS manages RFID information from multiple sites from single interface at MGI Metro Group Information Technology headquarters in Düsseldorf, includes scripting tools for automating administrative tasks, easy-to-use single-site configuration capabilities, firmware upgrade functionality to enable centralized updates of readers, devices from multiple vendors, across multiple sites.

“As companies like Metro move from pilot to production rollouts they require monitoring and management capabilities that allow a small group of central IT professionals to manage RFID operations in remote locations world wide,” explains Ashley Stephenson, chairman of Reva Systems. “Metro Group’s decision to expand their RFID program to another 200 stores is a clear validation that today’s technology meets enterprise requirements and that the operational benefits are real,” adds Frank Mild, vp of EMEA for Reva Systems. Follow-up: At Sirit, Bill Allen, +1 972-243-7208, ext. 2134, ballen@sirit.com; Link: www.sirit.com; at Reva, Pamela Nelson, +1 978-337- 3153, pnelson@revasystems.com; Link: www.revasystems.com.

RFID automates inventory inspection for orthopaedic implants

Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology automates inventory inspection process for Johnson & Johnson’s DePuy Orthopaedics division, Warsaw, IN.

System relies on Gen2 RFID tags from UPM Raflatac, Tampere, Finland, infrastructure from ODIN technologies, Dulles, VA. DuPuy places Gen2 DogBone RFID tags on individually boxed orthopaedic implants, as well as on completed Express Care sets of titanium, cobalt chrome joint replacements. Since operators now scan Express Care sets rather than each item, processing time drops to 1 minute from 10-30 minutes. RFID technology performs reliably despite presence of metal near tags, lack of uniform placement of parts within boxes. End-to-end solution offers 24/7 monitoring, remote diagnostics, deployment of configuration, firmware changes electronically from secure data center using ODIN’s proprietary EasyMonitor solution. “The accuracy with our RFID process so far has been amazing,” reports Dave Johnson, director of Distribution for DePuy. “I see RFID as a competitive advantage because now I can take some of my resources and allocate them to other areas.” Follow-up: At Raflatac, Jan Svoboda, RFID sales & marketing director, Americas, +1 805 312 4679; Link: www.upmraflatac.com; at ODIN, Heike Schuster, marketing, hschuster@odintechnologies.com; Link: www.odintechnologies.com.

Hot-to-touch HDPE container causes deck cleaner recall

Cabot Stains, division of Valspar Corp., Newburyport, MA, voluntarily recalls Cabot Composite Deck Cleaner #3502 because it may pose fire, inhalation hazard.

Granular calcium hypochloride concentrate in 2-pound high-density polyethylene (HDPE) container mixes with water to clean surfaces such as decks, railings, steps, fences, siding, may react with residue from aluminum foil inner seal. Reaction generates heat, chlorine gas. However, to date company records only one report of incident where container partially melted, emitted chlorine odor. No injuries have been reported, but US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), in cooperation with Valspar, says consumers should stop using product immediately, return item to retailer.

I“We outsourced the product and they put a foil seal, which was not specified, on the container. It had to be peeled off, and some residual was left, which may have caused a problem,” says Valspar official, adding that 24,000 units were produced, but that “we were able to identify and hold back all but 13,000 units. It’s really a manufacturing anomaly. The problem has been solved.” Follow-up: At Cabot, Consumer Recall Hotline, +1 877-755-3336; Link: www.cabotstain.com/recall; at CPSC, Recall Hotline, +1 800- 638-2772; Link: www.cpsc.gov/cpscpub/prerel/prhtml08/08237.html.

Cereplast expands, opens office in Europe

Bioplastics manufacturer, Cereplast, Inc., Hawthorne, CA, opens European headquarters in Velizy, France. Firm appoints Jerome Raphanaud, svp, Europe. Sales, service staff assists customers developing bioplastic applications, cultivates new markets, supports new distribution center near Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Biopolymers from Cereplast offer all necessary certifications, including EN13432 related to energy recovery. Follow-up: Jerome Raphanaud, +33 1 34 63 06 66, jraphanaud@cereplast.com; Link: www.cereplast.com.

Nostalgic straight-sided Coca-Cola bottle hits US shelves

Vintage Coca-Cola glass bottle, dubbed 1906 “Diamond Label,” invites trip back in time, hits store shelves nationwide in mid-April 2008.

Aluminum twist-off cap, 8.5-ounce size capture essence of original Diamond Label design. White diamond label features early 20th century script logo, red printing announcing, “The Original / Since 1899.” Limited edition follows on heels of holiday 2007 release by Coca-Cola North America (CCNA), Atlanta, GA, of 1899 “Hutchinson” glass bottle named after early inventor.

“These one-of-a-kind bottles help people celebrate their special relationship with Coca-Cola that goes beyond its great taste,” says Hendrik Steckhan, president/gm, Sparkling Beverages at CCNA, who adds, “This package invites consumers to another journey in time – back to 1906 when the deliciously uplifting product they love was packaged in an equally appealing predecessor of today’s global iconic contour glass bottle.”

Before debut of iconic curvy silhouette in 1916, Coca- Cola used diamond-shaped paper label to distinguish straight-sided bottles similar to those used for other beverages. Few labeled bottles survive from that era, but are prized by collectors.

Pepsi recycling campaign makes difference one can at a time

“Have We Met Before?” message on aluminum beverage cans from Pepsi Cola North America, Purchase, NY, encourages consumers to recycle. With at least 40% of average aluminum can crafted from recycled material, each package communicates benefits of recycling, encourages consumers to make process part of daily routine. One of five messages provided by National Recycling Coalition (NRC), Washington, DC, adorn more than 7 billion Pepsi, Diet Pepsi cans through end of 2008, appear with recycle icon in quote box, printed sideways beside iconic red/white/blue Pepsi logo. Messages opportunity to recycle 25,000 cans in a lifetime.” According to Kate Krebs, executive director of NRC, “Recycling is a small step everyone can take that will make a real difference for our planet. Our research tells us that most people recycle, when they remember. That’s why,” she adds, “reminding people about the positive impact of simply recycling an aluminum can is so powerful.” Promotion, which is part of PepsiCo’s Performance with Purpose commitment to sustainable growth, includes advertising campaign valued at $35 to $40 million. “What better way to…remind people of the benefits of recycling than by putting a message on the can itself, something that touches millions of people across the country every month,” concludes Russell Weiner, vp of colas at Pepsi-Cola North America. Follow-up: Kate Krebs, executive director, +1 202-789-1430, info@nrc-recycle.org; Link: www.nrc-recycle.org.

Annual PET capacity in Middle East expands by 500,000 tons

Expansion at integrated resin facility in Salalah, Oman, makes it largest polyester producer in region outside China, one of largest in world. Phase two expansion at plant owned by Octal Holding and Co. SAOC, Muscat, Oman, adds 500,000 metric tons per annum (tpa) of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) production capacity. When complete in May 2010, annual output will rise to 800,000 metric tons. Production at integrated PET resin, amorphous PET sheet facility ramps up in two stages: 250,000 tpa by March 2010, remaining 250,000 tpa by May 2010. Octal expansion targets soft drink, bottled water markets in Europe, US, Middle East. “Between 2009 and 2012, more than 20 million metric tons of plastic raw materials capacity will come on-stream in the Gulf,” according to Octal’s Saad Suhail Bahwan, chairman. “Octal is harnessing the region’s strategic advantage and Salalah’s unique location to deliver major growth in PET resin production for export as well as significant cost savings through our integrated, one-site operational model.” Follow-up: Information, +1 972-985-4370, info@octalglobal.com; Link: www.octalglobal.com.

NACD package winners show off sustainability, innovation

Refillable household cleaner, family of hair care products win top honors from National Association of Container Distributors (NACD), Naperville, IL.

Highest honor in 2008 Package of the Year competition, Bernard M Seid Best of Show Award, goes to 32-ounce Wonder Tablitz All Purpose Cleaners from Wonder Tablitz, Walpole, MA. Spray bottles from CL Smith Container Division, St. Louis, MO, with recessed storage cavity for blister pack of three effervescent cleaner tablets eliminate need to ship heavy liquid. Consumers fill bottle with hot water, peel back label to access blister pack, push-through one tablet into water, replace blister pack in cavity, reseal label. Capped opening below hand grip simplifies filling from any faucet. Refillable spray bottle cuts plastic, corrugated consumption by about 66% each. Improved cube, weight reduction also lowers amount of fuel used in transport, carbon dioxide released into air. Translucent container colors identify product, show level remaining.

Hair care product line from Amazonia Nutrients, Inc., Manhattan Beach, CA, wins Award for Creative Use of Stock Components. TricorBraun, St. Louis, MO, serves as single source for aluminum, highdensity polyethylene (HDPE) bottles, jar, tube, closure, sprayer, pump, sealing disc, labels, reshippers, master cartons. Packaging achieves “earthy feel,” environmentally friendly profile Amazonia wanted to communicate use of ingredients from Amazon region. Aluminum, HDPE bottles make cut for recyclability. Follow-up: At CL Smith, Sales Department, +1 314 771-1202; Link: www.clsmith.com; at TricorBraun, Sales Department, +1 314-569-3633; Link: www.tricorbraun.com; at NACD, Carole Schiller, Awards and Events Manager, +1 630-544-5052, cschiller@nacd.net; Link: www.nacd.net.

Market for conductive silver ink grows to $2.4 billion by 2015

Silver Inks and Pastes for Printable Electronics: 2008-2015 report from NanoMarkets, Glen Allen, VA, predicts new applications will boost market for highly conductive printing inks to $2.4 billion by 2015. Analysis suggests entire market for conductive silver inks will triple in next eight years to represent almost 21.0% of ink sales with leading opportunity, radio frequency identification antennas, generating revenues exceeding $880.0 million by 2015. In addition, authors expect market for silver flexographic, gravure inks for printable electronics to reach more than $530.0 million. High conductivity, low-temperature curability help expand use on thermally sensitive flexible substrates. Single bound copy of report costs $2,995. Follow-up: Robert Nolan, marketing department, +1 804-270-7010, info@nanomarkets.net; Link: www.nanomarkets.net.

Smurfit-Stone acquires struggling customer

Smurfit-Stone Container Corp., Creve Coeur, MO/Chicago, IL, acquires 90% interest in money-losing Calpine Corrugated LLC, Fresno, CA. Two-year-old company buys containerboard from Smurfit-Stone. Deal gives Smurfit-Stone state-of-art facility on West Coast, stronger presence in California agricultural market. Purchase results in charge of $0.05/share for 1Q08. Participants expect closing to occur in 2Q08. “The combination of Calpine and our new state-of-the-art facility in the Los Angeles market, expected to be operational in the third quarter, will significantly upgrade Smurfit- Stone's West Coast packaging operations,” reports Patrick J. Moore, chairman/ceo of Smurfit-Stone.

Casual ‘Drink 2 Wear’ fashions recycle Coca-Cola bottles

Shoppers make sustainable fashion statement with Coca-Cola apparel made of cotton blended with polyester fiber derived from recycled polyethylene terephthalate (RPET) bottles.

Launched by Coca-Cola North America (CCNA), Atlanta, GA, in partnership with Wal- Mart Stores, Inc., Bentonville, AR, Drink 2 Wear line supports mass retailer’s Earth Month program highlighting products that help consumers live more sustainable lifestyles. T-shirts with slogans such as “Make your Plastic Fantastic,” “Rehash your Trash,” promote recycling of used beverage bottles.

Graphics stamped on inside of shirt depict act of recycling plastic bottle, remind consumers to, according to Coca-Cola, “re-fulfill a bottle’s destiny and become something great again.” Men’s T-shirt features “4 Inside” neck label, women’s, “3-Inside” label to indicate number of PET bottles recovered, reused.

“These fun T-shirts merge trend with consciousness, reminding shoppers that small steps – like recycling a few bottles – can go a long way toward helping to preserve our environment,” says Stuart Kronauge, vp, Marketing at CCNA. “If the 200 million Wal- Mart shoppers in the US purchase these shirts,” he adds, “they will help us reuse and divert more than 700 million bottles from the waste stream.”

Changeover: Fujifilm…

At Fujifilm Dimatix, Santa Clara, CA, Martin Schoeppler becomes ceo/president, replaces John C. Batterton, who retires, effective 15 May 2008; Schoeppler arrived at firm in 2004 with extensive senior management experience in US, Europe, moved from vp of Strategic Business Development to vp of Marketing and Sales in 2007…

Upstream: Packaging Summit… Robotics…

Registration now open for PACK EXPO International at http://pei2008.packexpo.com. Show takes place in Chicago’s McCormick Place, 9-13 November 2008; advance visitor registration is $30… Session on Wal-Mart’s strategy on packaging reduction kicks off day two of Packaging Summit Expo and Conference, 13-15 May 2008 at Donald E. Stephens Convention Center, Rosemont, IL (near Chicago’s O’Hare Airport)… Robotic Industries Association (www;roboticsonline.com), Ann Arbor, MI, kicks off Robots 2008: What’s Next business symposium, 10-12 June 2008 at Hynes Convention Center, Boston, MA; deadline for early bird rates looms on 12 May 2008; seminar helps smaller firms in food, pharmaceutical, medical, consumer goods implement robotics… Parenteral Drug Association, Bethesda, MD, organizes Universe of Pre-filled Syringes and Injection Devices conference, 6-7 October 2008 in San Diego, CA…

ShortRuns: Sidel… CSI…

Sidel Inc., Norcross, GA, establishes new 24/7 customer support line, +1 678-221-3200 for North American customers… Alcoa CSI, Indianapolis, IN, now part of Reynolds Packaging Group, unveils new name, Closure Systems International, Inc. (CSI), as well as logo, website address, www.csiclosures.com, to reflect ownership by Rank Group Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand…

EarningsUpdate: Crown… AptarGroup…

Currency translation, higher selling prices due to cost pass-through, increase in bevcan volumes help Crown Holdings, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, boost net sales 8.8% to $1.9 billion in 1Q08 vs. $1.7 billion in 1Q07; net income also increases year-to-year, rising to $27 million in 1Q08 vs. $18 million in 1Q07; Crown generates approximately 74% of sales from outside US… AptarGroup, Inc., Crystal Lake, IL, sets records in 1Q08 with 15% increase in sales to $532.3 million, 20% increase in net income to $36.9 million due to strong sales of fragrance/cosmetic pumps, sampling systems, aerosol valves, specialty accessories, nasal spray systems…

Copyright 2006 Packaging Machinery Manufacturers Institute (PMMI), 4350 North Fairfax Drive, Suite 600, Arlington, Virginia (USA) 22203.

Editorial offices: 31408 Narrangansett Lane, Bay Village, Ohio (USA) 44140-1068; Tel: +1 440-892-0998; Fax: +1 440-892-0208; Email: bmiyares@packmgmt.com. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be redistributed or reproduced in any form without the written authorization of the publisher.